You should know these things about each Phylum (and Class, if it is different)
- Common name
- Type of digestion - intracellular or extracellular
- Symmetry - body symmetry (asymmetrical, radial, bi-radial, bilateral)
- Germ layers - diploblastic, triploblastic... and also any extracellular matrix present
- Body Cavity - acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, or Coelomate (also called Eucoelomate)
- Gut Cavity - complete or incomplete
- Specialized Cells - Porifera has 4, Cnidaria has 1, Ctenophora has 2, Platyhelminthes and Nemertea have 1 (and it's the same)
- Organs and Nerves - nerve net, statocysts, ocelli, nerve cord, ganglia, gonads...
- Body Systems - Respiratory, Excretory (protonephridia or metanephridia, Circulatory (present?? open or closed), Skeletal (i.e. Hydrostatic), Musculature present
- Structures - unique structures present: velum, parapodia, clitellum, crop & gizzard, spongocoel, cuticle, setae, septa, proboscis, rhynochocoel
- Reproduction - Asexual, Sexual - Monoecious (also called Hermaphroditic) or Dioecious... Cnidarian dimorphism important here...
- Canal types in Porifera
- Specific examples given in Cnidaria - obelia and Physalia physalia...
- Life cycles - any life cycle that is in the book you should know: this includes (but may not be limited to) pork and beef tapeworm, Chinese liver fluke, Shistosoma, Hookworm, Filarial worm (the one that causes Elephantiasis)
- You should recognize all Classes that belong within each Phylum... don't forget the Beard Worms, they will be on this exam
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