Phylum Comparison Table for Exam 3

	Porifera	Cnidaria	Ctenophora	Platyhelminthes	Nemertea	Annelida	Nematoda
Common Name	Sponges	Jelly fish, coral, anemone	Sea Walnut, Comb Jelly	Flat worms, flukes, tapeworms	Ribbon worms	Segmented worms	Round worms
Digestion	Intracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular
Symmetry	Asymmetrical (or radial	Radial	Bi-radial	Bilateral	Bilateral	Bilateral	Bilateral
Germ layers	None, gelatinous layer of mesohyle	Diploblastic, mesoglea	Triploblastic	Triploblastic	Triploblastic	Triploblastic	Triploblastic
Body Cavity	None	Acoelomate	Acoelomate	Acoelomate	Coelomate	Coelomate	Pseudocoelomate
Gut Cavity	None	Incomplete	Complete gut	Incomplete gut	Complete gut	Complete gut	Complete gut
Specialized Cells	Archaeocyte-totipotent Pinacocyte-protective Choanocyte-create water currents & engulf food particles	Cnidocyte – stinging organelles called nematocysts	Colloblasts – adhesive cells used in prey capture, present in most,	Flame cells- form  protonephridia,	Flame cells- form protonephridia	NA	NA
Organs/Nerves	None	Nerve net	Gonads,	Statocysts (organs of balance), ocelli	Nervous system usually a four-lobed brain, ocelli,	Nervous system- double ventral nerve cord	Nervous system
Body Systems	Respiration & excretion by diffusion	Respiration & excretion by diffusion		No respiratory, circulatory or skeletal system. Has excretory system (protonephridia)	No respiratory, Blood-vascular system with longitudinal trunks, excretory system	Excretory-metanephridia Circulatory – closed w/hemoglobin, Respiratory by diffusion
Reproduction	Sexual-monoecious Asexual- exteral buds, gemmules	Sexual- monoecious (some dioecious) Asexual- budding polyps	Sexual-monoecious	Sexual- monoecious, internal fertilization Asexual- fragmentation	Sexual- dioecious (some hermaphrodites	Sexual- monoecious (external) Asexual: fission and fragmentation
Larvae	Parenchymula	Planula	Cydippid	Trematoda- cercaria	Pilidium
Classes	Calcarea – calcium carbonate spicules Hexactinellida – siliceous spicules Demospongiae – six sided siliceous spicules or no spicules, 95% of extant species	Hydrozoa: sexual medusa with velum, asexual polyp, Obelia- alternation of generation, Physalia physalia- Portuguese man-of-war Scyphozoa: true jelly fish, medusa (with no velum) and polyp. Staurozoa: no medusa stage, polyps reproduce sexually Cubozoa: medusa form predominant Anthozoa: polyp only, anemone, coral	NA	Turbellaria – free living, planaria Monogenea – ectoparasitic flukes Trematoda – endoparasitic flukes Cestoda - tapeworms	NA	Polychaeta: Largest class, parapodia, setae, no clitellum, dioecious, trochophore larvae. Siboglinidae (within Polychaeta), beard worms, no gut, dioecious, live near hydrothermal vents Oligochaeta: earthworms, crop & gizzard, setae, clitellum, hemoglobin Hirudinida: fixed number of segments, lack coelomic compartments, septa, setae, parapodia. Two suckers for attachment and movement. Clitellum present, monoecious	NA
Other Info	Canal types: Asconoid – choanocytes line the spongocoel Syconoid – choanocytes line the radial canals Leuconoid – choanocytes line the chambers, no spongocoel			Life Cycles: Know beef tapeworm, pork tapeworm, Chinese liver fluke, schistosoma (dioecious)	Sensory ciliated pits or head slits on each side of the head which communicate between the outside and the brain.		Ascaris, hookworm, pinworm, roundworm, trichina worm, filarial worms, heartworms, C. elegans
Structures	Label: Osculum Ostium Spongocoel Mesohyle	Label: Velum Mesoglea		Label: Musculature- longitudinal, circular	Eversible proboscis, rhynchocoel, Musculature: longitudinal, circular	Label: setae, parapodia, clitellum, hydrostatic skeleton	Cuticle, only longitudinal muscles,