Phylum Comparison Table for Exam 3

	Porifera	Cnidaria	Ctenophora	Platyhelminthes	Nemertea	Annelida	Nematoda
Common Name	Sponges	Jelly fish, coral, anemone	Sea Walnut, Comb Jelly	Flat worms, flukes, tapeworms	Ribbon worms	Segmented worms	Round worms
Digestion	Intracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular	Extracellular
Symmetry	Asymmetrical (or radial	Radial	Bi-radial	Bilateral	Bilateral	Bilateral	Bilateral
Germ layers	None, gelatinous layer of mesohyle	Diploblastic, mesoglea	Triploblastic	Triploblastic	Triploblastic	Triploblastic	Triploblastic
Body Cavity	None	Acoelomate	Acoelomate	Acoelomate	Coelomate	Coelomate	Pseudocoelomate
Gut Cavity	None	Incomplete	Complete gut	Incomplete gut	Complete gut	Complete gut	Complete gut
Specialized Cells	Archaeocyte-totipotent Pinacocyte-protective Choanocyte-create water currents & engulf food particles	Cnidocyte – stinging organelles called nematocysts	Colloblasts – adhesive cells used in prey capture, present in most,	Flame cells- form  protonephridia,	Flame cells- form protonephridia	NA	NA
Organs/Nerves	None	Nerve net	Gonads,	Statocysts (organs of balance), ocelli	Nervous system usually a four-lobed brain, ocelli,	Nervous system- double ventral nerve cord	Nervous system
Body Systems	Respiration & excretion by diffusion	Respiration & excretion by diffusion		No respiratory, circulatory or skeletal system. Has excretory system (protonephridia)	No respiratory, Blood-vascular system with longitudinal trunks, excretory system	Excretory-metanephridia Circulatory – closed w/hemoglobin, Respiratory by diffusion
Reproduction	Sexual-monoecious Asexual- exteral buds, gemmules	Sexual- monoecious (some dioecious) Asexual- budding polyps	Sexual-monoecious	Sexual- monoecious, internal fertilization Asexual- fragmentation	Sexual- dioecious (some hermaphrodites	Sexual- monoecious (external) Asexual: fission and fragmentation
Larvae	Parenchymula	Planula	Cydippid	Trematoda- cercaria	Pilidium
Classes	Calcarea – calcium carbonate spicules Hexactinellida – siliceous spicules Demospongiae – six sided siliceous spicules or no spicules, 95% of extant species	Hydrozoa: sexual medusa with velum, asexual polyp, Obelia- alternation of generation, Physalia physalia- Portuguese man-of-war Scyphozoa: true jelly fish, medusa (with no velum) and polyp. Staurozoa: no medusa stage, polyps reproduce sexually Cubozoa: medusa form predominant Anthozoa: polyp only, anemone, coral	NA	Turbellaria – free living, planaria Monogenea – ectoparasitic flukes Trematoda – endoparasitic flukes Cestoda - tapeworms	NA	Polychaeta: Largest class, parapodia, setae, no clitellum, dioecious, trochophore larvae. Siboglinidae (within Polychaeta), beard worms, no gut, dioecious, live near hydrothermal vents Oligochaeta: earthworms, crop & gizzard, setae, clitellum, hemoglobin Hirudinida: fixed number of segments, lack coelomic compartments, septa, setae, parapodia. Two suckers for attachment and movement. Clitellum present, monoecious	NA
Other Info	Canal types: Asconoid – choanocytes line the spongocoel Syconoid – choanocytes line the radial canals Leuconoid – choanocytes line the chambers, no spongocoel			Life Cycles: Know beef tapeworm, pork tapeworm, Chinese liver fluke, schistosoma (dioecious)	Sensory ciliated pits or head slits on each side of the head which communicate between the outside and the brain.		Ascaris, hookworm, pinworm, roundworm, trichina worm, filarial worms, heartworms, C. elegans
Structures	Label: Osculum Ostium Spongocoel Mesohyle	Label: Velum Mesoglea		Label: Musculature- longitudinal, circular	Eversible proboscis, rhynchocoel, Musculature: longitudinal, circular	Label: setae, parapodia, clitellum, hydrostatic skeleton	Cuticle, only longitudinal muscles,

Words to know for Exam 3

Below is a list of words that you should know. They are in no particular order. You should be able to classify and define them.

Porifera

Staurozoa

Schistosoma

Scolex

Proglottid

Taenia solium

Cubozoa

Anthozoa

Asconoid

Hexactinellida

Nematocyst

Velum

Choanocyte

Mesohyle

Mesoglea

Nemertean

Rhynchocoel

Annelida

Trochophore

Schizocoely

Setae

Septum

Clitellum

Polychaeta

Syconoid

Parapodia

Nematoda

Taenia saginata

Hemoglobin

Demospongiae

Leuconoid

Obelia

Physalia

Diploblastic

Asymmetrical

Radial

Archaeocyte

Spicules

Spongocoel

Gemmule

Nerve net

Coral

Sea anemone

Ctenophore

Calcarea

Cnidaria

Hydrozoa

Scyphozoa

Comb jelly

Sea walnut

Platyhelminthes

Planaria

Turbellaria

Acoelomate

Pseudocoelomate

Coelomate

Flame Cell

Trematoda

Monogenea

Cestoda

Triploblastic

Ocelli

Protonephridia

Liver fluke

Bilateral

Bi-radial

Dimorphism

Medusa

Polyp

Cnidocyte

Oligochaeta

Crop & gizzard

Metanephridia

Cocoon

Hirudinea

Tubifex

Cuticle

Ascaris

Hookworms

Pinworm

Elephantiasis

Exam 3 Jeopardy

Below is a link for the Jeopardy Review for Exam 3. Dont forget to study development from chapter 9 and chapter 11.

Remember tomorrows Exam review will go from 9-11. Hope to see you there!

https://www.dropbox.com/s/idyaqod4gxn7ce1/Jeopardy%20-%20Exam%203%20Review.pptx

Phylum Mollusca questions

1. T/F - Molluscs can live in the ocean, in the lakes and in the soil.
2. T/F - Bivalves are typically predaceous carnivores.
3. What are the common names for the Polyyplacophorans?
4. Snails, limpets, slugs, whelks, conchs, periwinkles, and sea butterflies belong to which class?
5. What common animals belong to class Bivalvia?
6. The nautilus, squid, cuttlefish and octopus belong to which class?
7. T/F - Molluscs are triploblastic deuterostomes that have a complete coelom.
8. What are the two main features of the molluscan body plan?
9. Which section includes the sensory organs?
10. What layer of the shell is on the outside?
11. The calcium carbonate is found in what layer?
12. The pearl comes from what layer of the shell?
13. What secretes the shell for  Molluscs?
14. T/F - In cephalopod squids the visceral mass has been modified into a siphon used for jet propulsion.
15. What are other modifications of the foot?
16. What type of tissue is the mantle?
17. What is housed in the mantle cavity?
18. Filaments make up what structure?
19. What is a lamellae?
20. T/F - Bipectinate filaments would indicate a small, or reduced mantle cavity?

Annelida questions

1. Annelids are known for their body _________.
2. What class do earthworms belong to?
3. T/F - Annelids have a more complex circulatory system than the Flatworms, Ribbonworms, and Roundworms.
4. What class do leaches belong to?
5. What is the other class of Phylum Annelida?
6. What is the body segment marked by a circular groove called?
7. What type of symmetry do Annelids have?
8. T/F - Leaches are triploblastic but lack a true coelom and gut.
9. What is the name of the wall that seperates the segments?
10. Which of the following systems is present in an annelid?
1. Nervous system
2. Metanephridium
3. Circulatory system
4. Respiratory system
5. Protonephridium
11. The tiny chitinous bristles present in oligochaets and polychaets are called _________.
12. T/F - Oligochaets are mainly benthic marine dwellers. 
13. Lateral appendages that are highly vascularized by capillaries and aid in movement, respiration and support are called _________.
14. Are polychaets monecious or diecious?
15. T/F - Annelids have circular and oblique muscles but lack longitudinal muscles.
16. Are all Polychaets carnivorous?
17. T/F - Oligochaets are monecious, lack parapodia but contain setae.
18. Is the nerve cord in Oligochaets dorsal or ventral?
19. Describe the process of fertilization in Oligochaets.
20. What is the structure that forms a mucus sac during fertilization?
21. What class do tubifex worms belong to, and what fish disease are they an intermediate host for?
22. What is the classification of the parasite that causes the fish disease answered above.
23. What class do leeches belong to?
24. T/F - Leeches lack sete, parapodia and a clitellum.
25. The anticoagulant expressed to aid in feeding is called __________.

Nemertean Questions

1. What are the common names for Nemertea?
2. T/F - Nemerteans are orally aborally flattened. 
3. What is the hallmark of a ribbon worm?
4. Nemerteans can range from less than ____ to ____ in size.
5. T/F - Nemerteans exhibit aposomatic coloration.
6. T/F - Nemerteans are triploblastic pseudocoelomates.
7. The _____________ is a type of coelom in Nemerteans.
8. Nemerteans are able to pierce or puncture their prey to emit toxin with this feature.
9. Toxins from nemerteans may be used in pharmaceuticals to treat what disease? 
10. T/F - Both the nemerteans and the platyhelminthes have a protonephridia and a complete gut.
11. Dr. Okazaki studied nemerteans that are symbionts with what other group of animals?

Practice Questions for Phylum Platyhelminthes

1. Flat worms have ____________ symmetry.
2. ___________ symmetry --> ____________ --> increase in ___________ --> ___________
3. T/F - Members of Platyhelminthes are diploblastic acoelomates
4. A coelom is an internal _______-_________ body cavity surrounded by _____________
5. A ___________ is a bundle of neurons.
6. T/F - Platyhelminths have a true excretory system but clack a respiratory system.
7. Class ____________ are ectoparasitic flukes
8. Class ____________ are mostly free-living aquatic organisms
9. Class ____________ are endoparasitic flukes
10. Class ____________ are endoparasitic tapeworms
11. T/F - The digestive system of planarians is a simple single canal
12. T/F - Platyheliminths have a complete gut.
13. The excretory system is lined with ______________ that beat a flagella to remove waste from the body and regulate solute concentration
14. Turbellarians are ____________, containing both male and female reproductive organs
15. The ventral surface of a Turbellarian is lined with ___________
16. T/F - Planarians have only Longitudinal muscles
17. The ___________ glads produce the mucus